Resumen
Objetivo: Comprobar si existe evidencia científica que acredite la relación entre el uso de bisfosfonatos y la osteonecrosis de la mandibula. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, incluidos estudios clínicos, aleatorizados, retrospectivos y prospectivos realizados desde 2016 para verificar la evidencia científica reciente que investigó si los bisfosfonatos aumentan el riesgo de osteonecrosis de la mandíbula. Solo se utilizaron artículos científicos, indexados en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed; IBECS, Lilas y BBO-Odontología. Resultados: Se encontraron ocho estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, lo que demuestra que la literatura sobre la osteonecrosis de la mandíbula relacionada con los bisfosfonatos sigue siendo escasa en estudios clínicos aleatorizados con grupos de control. Sin embargo, ya existe evidencia suficiente para indicar que este riesgo existe, relacionándose principalmente con el uso de bisfosfonatos intravenosos asociado a la ocurrencia de traumatismos quirúrgicos dentoalveolares, no solo por el uso exclusivo del fármaco. Consideraciones finales: Se advierte a los profesionales de la salud que deben indicar a los pacientes que puedan necesitar terapia con bisfosfonatos que, antes de iniciar dicho tratamiento, busquen cirujanos dentistas para la profilaxis dental y realicen las intervenciones odontológicas necesarias, evitando tener que realizarlas mientras están siendo tratado con estos medicamentos.
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