Palabras clave
Enfermería
Fatiga
Cuidado crónico
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar intervenciones de enfermería efectivas para el manejo de la fatiga en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, realizada en marzo de 2023, siguiendo las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Public Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Cochrane Library. Resultados: Los estudios seleccionados fueron evaluados metodológicamente por dos revisores independientes. Se identificaron un total de 525 estudios. Tras el análisis y aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, se excluyeron 493 artículos. Finalmente, después de evaluar la calidad metodológica, quedaron 18 artículos para la síntesis cualitativa. Las intervenciones más efectivas involucraron ejercicio y educación. Tanto los ejercicios aeróbicos como de resistencia demostraron mejoras en la capacidad funcional y reducción de la fatiga. Las intervenciones educativas se enfocaron en aumentar la comprensión de la insuficiencia cardíaca, promover el autocuidado y mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: El estudio proporciona evidencia para guiar prácticas de enfermería efectivas en el manejo de la fatiga en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, enfatizando la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinario para mejorar la calidad de vida y los resultados clínicos.
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