Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar implicaciones orofaciales en las prácticas deportivas de alto impacto. Revisión bibliográfica: Deportes como fútbol, baloncesto, Crossfit®, voleibol, balonmano y levantamiento de pesas se asociaron a alta prevalencia de fracturas dentales, subluxaciones, avulsiones, abfracciones, trastornos temporomandibulares, bruxismo y fracturas mandibulares. El bruxismo en vigilia se vinculó más al Crossfit® (~40%) y Entrenamiento de Fuerza (28%), riesgo para disfunción temporomandibular y abfracciones. Fracturas dentales y mandibulares se relacionaron más con fútbol (~30%), baloncesto (12-30%) y voleibol (~7%). Balonmano tuvo mayor incidencia de lesiones en tejidos. Datos sociodemográficos muestran más ocurrencia en hombres de 18 a 30 años. Consideraciones Finales: Las principales lesiones orofaciales en actividades de alto impacto son las fracturas, laceraciones, disfunción temporomandibular y abfracción. Los protectores bucales previenen estas lesiones, destacando el papel del dentista en la medicina deportiva. Es crucial generar conciencia sobre la prevención, incentivar su uso y superar obstáculos estéticos, comunicacionales y financieros.
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