Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre la seguridad y eficacia de la administración de ácido tranexámico (TXA) en el entorno prehospitalario y el impacto de su uso en la mortalidad de las víctimas. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora utilizando la base de datos PubMed Central (PMC), realizada entre agosto y diciembre de 2023. Se consideraron los artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2022 en español, francés, inglés y portugués. Resultados: Se encontraron 5.561 artículos y se seleccionaron 18 para constituir la muestra final. A pesar de estar restringidos a pacientes seleccionados, la mayoría de los artículos muestran una reducción de la mortalidad y de la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en las víctimas de traumatismos graves con riesgo de hemorragia y traumatismos craneoencefálicos moderados, una menor tasa de transfusión de hemoderivados durante la hospitalización, beneficio que no se observa en las víctimas de traumatismos craneoencefálicos graves con una puntuación inferior a 8 en la escala de coma de Glasgow. Consideraciones finales: El uso de TXA ha demostrado ser eficaz para reducir la mortalidad en pacientes politraumatizados graves con riesgo de hemorragia. Su uso sigue estando restringido a individuos mayores de 12 años, estando indicado su uso en las 3 horas siguientes al traumatismo, idealmente en la primera hora de la lesión, según algunos estudios.
Referencias
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