Palabras clave
Tratamiento
Nuevos derivados de anfetaminas
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Resumen
Objetivo: Discutir los nuevos derivados de anfetaminas utilizados para tratar el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), destacando aspectos positivos y debilidades. Revisión bibliográfica: El TDAH, un síndrome del neurodesarrollo marcado por falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad, tiene como primera opción de tratamiento farmacológico las anfetaminas, como la anfetamina, la dextroanfetamina, la lisdexanfetamina y el metilfenidato. Diferentes formulaciones de estos fármacos, desde suspensiones orales, comprimidos masticables de liberación prolongada y parches transdérmicos, son algunas de las nuevas opciones de tratamiento. Consideraciones finales: Destaca la preferencia por las anfetaminas en adultos, mientras que el metilfenidato es más indicado en niños y adolescentes, aunque la lisdexanfetamina también es una opción importante. Las nuevas formulaciones de liberación prolongada, como suspensiones orales y comprimidos, han demostrado eficacia y seguridad, ofreciendo opciones terapéuticas más convenientes, con mejores posibilidades de adherencia y menos potencial de abuso, con énfasis también en su uso en forma de parche transdérmico. Sin embargo, en las decisiones terapéuticas se deben considerar los eventos adversos y las debilidades. E incluso con los importantes avances en esta farmacoterapia, algunos pacientes siguen sin una respuesta terapéutica adecuada, y es importante continuar los estudios y desarrollar medicamentos para el tratamiento de diferentes fenotipos del TDAH, permitiendo una mejor elección y un tratamiento más racional para los pacientes.
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