Palabras clave
atención prenatal
anemia
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 en mujeres embarazadas y la importancia del cribado prenatal. Métodos: Este fue un estudio piloto longitudinal, con 79 gestantes. Resultados: La edad media de las pacientes fue 31,4 + 7,4 años, con un promedio de 2,3 embarazos + 1,3; 0,9 + 1,0 partos y 0,3 + 0,7 abortos. La dosis de vitamina B12 fue de 374 ± 190 pg/ml, considerándose normal en el 75% de las gestantes estudiadas, límite en el 16,7%, baja en el 6,9% y alta en el 1,4%. En el segundo trimestre, el promedio de B12 fue de 321 ± 191 pg/ml, con 20,8% en dosis baja, 39,6% normal y 37,5% en el límite. En el tercer trimestre, la media de B12 fue de 302 ± 222 pg/ml, siendo 28,2% dosis baja, 28,2% normal, 38,5% límite y 5,1% alta. No hubo asociación entre las dosis de vitamina B12 y el consumo de carne, leche y huevos (p>0,05). No hubo casos de confusión, demencia, pérdida de sensibilidad u hormigueo en las extremidades, pero sí asociación con diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Conclusion: Considerando la caída de la vitamina B12 durante la atención prenatal y el gran número de dosis dudosas, se debe considerar el cribado prenatal.
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