Palabras clave
Árbol de anacardo
Neurodegeneración
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el potencial terapéutico de Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne y Anacardium occidentale L. en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y los posibles mecanismos de acción involucrados. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizándose búsquedas en las bases de datos: Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane y Scopus. Además, se incluyeron artículos en inglés, estudios primarios, in vivo, publicados en el período de 2003 a 2023. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 19 publicaciones que investigaron los efectos de los fitoconstituyentes rutina, troxerrutina, quercetina e isoquercitrina presentes en D. gardneriana Tu. en el tratamiento de la EA en ratones o ratas. Se observó que estas sustancias promovieron la reducción del estrés oxidativo, la neuroinflamación, la síntesis de β-amiloide (Aβ), la fosforilación de la tau y la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE), mejorando los déficits cognitivos y los daños cerebrales. Consideraciones finales: Esta revisión evidenció que todavía no existe un tratamiento clínico eficaz para esta condición y ninguna manera de prevenir la muerte de las células cerebrales. Sin embargo, se percibe que los flavonoides de D. gardneriana Tu. han mostrado resultados prometedores para el tratamiento de los síntomas de la EA.
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