Palabras clave
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Comprender los obstáculos que reducen la accesibilidad al diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Revisión de la literatura: El TEA es un trastorno caracterizado por dificultades en la interacción social, deficiencias en la comunicación y patrones restringidos de conducta. Su diagnóstico es clínico, basado en observaciones del comportamiento y la historia del paciente y en criterios definidos en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM – 5). El tratamiento incluye enfoques farmacológicos y conductuales. Sin embargo, las dificultades y desafíos encontrados en la literatura incluyen la heterogeneidad sintomatológica del TEA, la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud y una evaluación más precisa a través de un equipo multidisciplinario. El diagnóstico tardío o su ausencia puede conllevar desenlaces desfavorables en la vida adulta, tales como: ansiedad, depresión y dificultad en las relaciones interpersonales. Estudios recientes incluyen el uso de biomarcadores específicos y terapias innovadoras que aún no son accesibles. Consideraciones finales: El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado son ideales para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con TEA. También se destaca la importancia del médico y de los nuevos estudios para mejorar la elección terapéutica en el TEA.
Referencias
AHMED M, et al. Autism spectrum disorder - the fight of the public against a disease it fails to understand. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2024; 74(2): 427.
AMONKAR N, et al. Effects of Creative Movement Therapies on Social Communication, Behavioral-Affective, Sensorimotor, Cognitive, and Functional Participation Skills of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021; 12: 722874.
ARAN A e CAYAM RD. Cannabinoid treatment for the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2024; 1–15.
BANKS HC. Transtorno do espectro autístico: desafio ministerial. Protestantismo em Revista, 2019; 44(2): 111–38.
BARROSO LKG e SCHETTINO RR. Asperger’s syndrome: integrative review about the disorder. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021; 4(4): 15147–68.
BRITES L e BRITES C. Mentes únicas. 1. ed. São Paulo: Editora Gente, 2019; 120.
CUCINOTTA F, et al. Impact of Three Kinds of Early Interventions on Developmental Profile in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18): 5424.
DAS S, et al. Machine learning approaches for electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography analyses in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2023; 123: 110705.
GENOVESE A, et al. Clinical Assessment, Genetics, and Treatment Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020; 21(13): 4726.
GUERRERO MGB e SOBOTKA SA. Understanding the Barriers to Receiving Autism Diagnoses for Hispanic and Latinx Families. Pediatric Annals, 2022; 51(4): 167–71.
HOSSEINI SA e MOLLA M. Asperger Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing, 2024; 170(5): 382-387.
LIU X, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 2022; 26(1): 33–50.
LOCKWOOD EG, et al. Barriers to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis for Young Women and Girls: a Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021; 8(4): 454–70.
LYRIO ACO e AMARAL SCS. A tecnologia como ferramenta para aprendizagem das crianças com síndrome de asperger na educação infantil. Revista Educacional Interdisciplinar, 2019; 10.
LOFFI RG, et al. Theoretical-Methodological Foundations for the Global Integration Method (Método de Integração Global-MIG) in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2024; 11(2): 191.
MALIK-SONI N, et al. Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood. Pediatric Research, 2022; 91(5): 1028–35.
MASON D, et al. A Systematic Review of What Barriers and Facilitators Prevent and Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access for Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019; 49(8): 3387–400.
MATTOS JC. Alterações sensoriais no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): implicações no desenvolvimento e na aprendizagem. Revista Psicopedagogia, 2019; 36(109): 87–95.
MERCADO W. TEA – Diagnóstico precoce com reflexos na qualidade de vida da criança e da família. Research, Society and Development, 2022; 11: 544111537482.
MIRKOVIC B e GÉRARDIN P. Asperger’s syndrome: What to consider? L’Encéphale, 2019; 45(2): 169–74.
MOTLANI V, et al. Asperger Syndrome (AS): A Review Article. Cureus, 2022; 14(11): 31395.
NOVAES AFP. A importância do profissional psicólogo na terapia do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na infância. Dissertação (Graduação em Psicologia) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2022; 36.
OKOYE C, et al. Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review and Analysis of the Risks and Benefits. Cureus, 2023; 15(8): 43226.
PACHEVA I, et al. Epilepsy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2019; 6(2): 15.
PARELLADA M. What does the future hold for Asperger syndrome? Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 2020; 13(3): 115–7.
PATEL M, et al. A Systematic Review of Mixed Studies Exploring the Effects of Probiotics on Gut-Microbiome to Modulate Therapy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cureus, 2022; 14(12): 32313.
PIRES JF, et al. The challenges for early intervention and its effects on the prognosis of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 2024; 18: 20230034.
ROSEN NE, et al. The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021; 51(12): 4253–70.
SONG C, et al. Factors affecting knowledge of autism spectrum disorder among pediatric residents in eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 2022; 22: 699.
SOUSA DLD, et al. Análise do comportamento aplicada: a percepção de pais e profissionais acerca do tratamento em crianças com espectro autista. Contextos Clínicos, 2020; 13(1): 105–24.
SOARES LS e OLIVEIRA GS. Síndrome de Asperger: manifestações clínicas e sua relação com a dupla-excepcionalidade. Revista Interdisciplinar em Saúde, 2020; 551-562.
THABTAH F e PEEBLES D. Early Autism Screening: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(18): 3502.
VARGASON T, et al. Towards a Multivariate Biomarker-Based Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review and Discussion of Recent Advancements. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2020; 34: 100803.
VOLKMAR FR e WIESNER LA. Autismo: Guia Essencial para Compreensão e Tratamento. Artmed Editora; 2019; 453.
WEI H, et al. Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: Promoting early identification and intervention. Front Psychiatry, 2022; 13: 970611.
YU Z, et al. Efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions targeting social function in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 2023; 18(9): 0291720.
ZABLOTSKY B, et al. Geographic Disparities in Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Academic Pediatrics, 2019; 19(7): 740–7.
ZHUANG H, et al. Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy. MedComm, 2024; 5(3): 497.