Palabras clave
Enfermedades crónicas
Desarrollo infantil
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Resumen
Objetivo: Buscar en la literatura científica evidencia que asocie la prematuridad con enfermedades crónicas de los diferentes sistemas del cuerpo humano. Revisión de la literatura: La prematuridad aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas en el futuro, lo que se relaciona con la interrupción temprana del desarrollo intrauterino de los sistemas del cuerpo humano. Los cambios funcionales en los órganos y los cambios endocrino-metabólicos predisponen a enfermedades como la obesidad, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la diabetes mellitus y el síndrome metabólico. También destaca la displasia broncopulmonar, en la que el deterioro de la vasculatura y el desarrollo alveolar es causado por la inmadurez del sistema y el soporte neonatal invasivo. Los trastornos cognitivos y morfológicos del sistema nervioso también se ven influenciados por la prematuridad, observándose una mayor incidencia de parálisis cerebral, autismo, epilepsia y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. El sistema digestivo, a su vez, se ve afectado por cambios en la microbiota intestinal, que se asocian con enfermedades graves como la enterocolitis necrotizante y la sepsis tardía, además de aumentar el riesgo de padecer asma, enfermedades alérgicas, anomalías del desarrollo, obesidad y enfermedades mentales. enfermedades. Consideraciones finales: A pesar de la necesidad de desarrollar más estudios, las relaciones entre la prematuridad y el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas de los sistemas del cuerpo humano se evidencian en la literatura.
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