Resumen
Objetivo: Elucidar el proceso clínico-patológico de la Monkeypox para una mejor comprensión de esta afección en el ámbito dermatológico. Revisión bibliográfica: La Monkeypox es una zoonosis causada por el virus monkeypox (MPXV), transmitida por contacto con lesiones cutáneas, fluidos corporales o fómites. El virus penetra en las células hospederas, replicándose localmente y diseminándose hacia los ganglios linfáticos y otros órganos. Los síntomas prodrómicos, como fiebre, linfadenopatía y malestar, son seguidos por erupciones cutáneas características que varían de máculas a pústulas. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante PCR en muestras de lesiones cutáneas. La vacunación contra la viruela presenta aproximadamente un 85% de eficacia contra el MPXV, y tratamientos antivirales como el Tecovirimat han mostrado potencial en la reducción de la gravedad de la enfermedad. La revisión aborda las complicaciones, incluidas infecciones secundarias y afectación de órganos internos, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. El reciente aumento de casos fuera de África resalta la necesidad de estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas eficaces. Consideraciones finales: La identificación temprana e intervenciones terapéuticas apropiadas son cruciales para minimizar riesgos y prevenir complicaciones. Implementar medidas preventivas eficaces y asegurar un manejo adecuado de la enfermedad son esenciales para proteger a los grupos de mayor riesgo.
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