Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar los principales beneficios y aplicaciones del sulfato de magnesio en la salud. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora en la que se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas Scielo, PubMed y ScienceDirect y se utilizaron los descriptores Sulfato de magnesio, Uso Terapéutico y Enfermedades. En cuanto a la inclusión, se eligieron artículos de la categoría original, disponibles íntegramente, publicados en portugués, inglés y español, con un intervalo de tiempo entre 2017 y 2023. Resultados: El ion magnesio se encuentra en grandes cantidades en los medios extracelulares e intracelulares, teniendo fundamental importancia en varios procesos enzimáticos, siendo un medicamento eficaz, seguro, económicamente accesible y que presenta numerosos beneficios. Los principales efectos observados en los 16 estudios encontrados resaltaron la eficacia y potenciales propiedades farmacológicas del sulfato de magnesio como broncodilatador, analgésico, su uso en obstetricia con buena efectividad para inhibir el parto prematuro y en el tratamiento de crisis convulsivas asociadas a eclampsia y preeclampsia. Consideraciones finales: Según la evidencia, el sulfato de magnesio es considerado esencial por la OMS porque es efectivo y relativamente seguro clínicamente para satisfacer las necesidades de salud, sin embargo aún faltan más estudios para comprobar y dilucidar el mecanismo de acción del sulfato de magnesio.
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