Resumen
Objetivo: Comparar el éxito audiométrico de la timpanoplastia utilizando injertos de fascia temporal y cartílago, independientemente de la técnica, en un hospital terciario de São Paulo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo mediante el análisis de la historia clínica de 56 pacientes sometidos a timpanoplastia unilateral entre enero de 2019 y febrero de 2023. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 26.0, donde se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de Shapiro Wilk, Chi-cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher. La significancia estadística entre la diferencia de medias de las variables fue verificada mediante pruebas t-Student pareadas y no pareadas. Los resultados cuyo valor de p fue < 0,05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: La reducción media del umbral de reconocimiento del habla (URH) en la comparación preoperatoria versus postoperatoria fue de 10,9 dB, con una desviación estándar de 9,8 dB (p<0,001). Los pacientes que utilizaron cartílago tuvieron una tasa de éxito del 67,9%, y los que utilizaron injerto de fascia tuvieron una tasa de éxito del 64,3%, sin diferencia relevante (p=0,788). Conclusión: Se observó una mejora significativa en la audición posterior a la timpanoplastia, independientemente del injerto utilizado.
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