Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las consecuencias sobre el desarrollo neuropsicomotor según el tiempo de internación y los procedimientos realizados a los recién nacidos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, cuyo público objetivo fueron los neonatos que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN), las búsquedas se realizaron en 3 bases de datos (BVS, Pubmed y Cochrane Library) utilizando los descriptores: neonates, NICU y desarrollo neuropsicomotor. Los artículos encontrados fueron filtrados por Rayyan Software y su calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la Escala Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS). Resultados: Se identificaron 8049 artículos, de los cuales 23 se consideraron elegibles para evaluación completa y 11 de ellos fueron incluidos en la revisión. Se encontró que los neonatos hospitalizados con bajo peso al nacer y/o baja edad gestacional, con morbilidades y sujetos a procedimientos quirúrgicos presentaron mayores riesgos de compromiso del neurodesarrollo. Consideraciones finales: Estudios han demostrado que los recién nacidos sujetos a períodos de internación en la UCIN pueden tener consecuencias en su desarrollo neuropsicomotor.
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