Palabras clave
Nutrición infantil
Diabetes mellitus
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre la relación entre lactancia materna y Diabetes Mellitus. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora basada en la pregunta de investigación: “¿Cuál es la evidencia disponible sobre la relación entre la lactancia materna y la prevención de la Diabetes Mellitus”? La búsqueda incluyó estudios primarios de los últimos diez años en portugués, inglés y español, utilizando las fuentes de información LILACS, Web of Science, IBECS, MEDLINE y EMBASE. Los datos se extrajeron y categorizaron mediante un guión creado por los autores y se utilizaron herramientas para evaluar los niveles de evidencia y la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra final de 19 estudios, categorizados entre estudios que abordaron temas relacionados con el tiempo de lactancia (47,37%, n=9); al microbioma intestinal (15,79%, n=3); a nutrición materno infantil (21,05%, n=4) y estudios con resultados inconsistentes (15,79%, n=3). Consideraciones finales: La lactancia materna genera cambios en marcadores biológicos, hormonas insulínicas, entre otros factores, sin embargo, no se ha comprobado que esta sola acción, es decir la lactancia materna, sea capaz de evitar que se desarrolle la enfermedad, pues existen otros factores involucrados, como la genética y los hábitos de vida.
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