Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar, a través de una revisión de la literatura, el uso de la Tomografía Computarizada (TC) en la evaluación de las hernias incisionales (HI). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, con búsqueda realizada en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect y búsqueda manual de citas de reseñas literarias. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés publicados entre 2019-2024 y estudios sobre el uso de la TC para el diagnóstico y planificación quirúrgica de los HI, independientemente del año. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 61 artículos de 902 registros iniciales. Revisión de la literatura: Los HI resultan de la debilidad en la pared abdominal suturada, causada por una curación inadecuada o una sobrecarga mecánica, que conduce a una protrusión abdominal. Asociados con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, representan un problema de salud pública y requieren intervención quirúrgica. Aunque el diagnóstico es clínico, se recomiendan exámenes como la tomografía computarizada o la resonancia magnética para la planificación quirúrgica, especialmente en casos complejos. La TC se considera el examen más apropiado debido a su alta sensibilidad y resolución, permitiendo una visualización clara de las estructuras abdominales y ayudando a predecir los resultados quirúrgicos. Consideraciones finales: Las imágenes obtenidas por TC son útiles en el preoperatorio de los HI para personalizar los abordajes quirúrgicos según la anatomía y comorbilidades del paciente, especialmente por su alta sensibilidad y especificidad.
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