Palabras clave
Insomnio
Melatonina
Niño
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Mapear el panorama del conocimiento sobre el autismo asociado a los trastornos del sueño y resumir los avances en la investigación sobre el fenotipo insomne. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión cienciométrica e integradora de la literatura en la base de datos web of science. Para la revisión integradora se utilizó la siguiente pregunta orientadora: Cuáles son los avances científicos en el fenotipo del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) asociado al insomnio? Los textos seleccionados fueron en inglés o portugués, publicados entre 2019 y 2024. Resultados: Se incluyeron 69 artículos en el análisis cienciométrico, de los cuales 69,6% fueron investigaciones originales. El 62,3% se centró en signos y síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. 16 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la revisión integradora. Ha habido avances en la investigación de los genes del ritmo circadiano y el metabolismo del hierro, la hiperreactividad sensorial y la hiperexcitación fisiológica. Se encontró una correlación positiva con el estrés de los padres. Se observó una escasez de encuestas epidemiológicas. En cuanto al tratamiento, la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio es prometedora. Por otro lado, la melatonina tiene indicaciones limitadas y no se ha recomendado la suplementación con hierro. Conclusión: A pesar de los avances recientes y la creciente producción científica, los resultados indican la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones, estudios epidemiológicos y abordajes terapéuticos para mejorar la calidad del sueño en estos individuos.
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