Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar y desarrollar recomendaciones sobre sedación paliativa para profesionales de la salud, con el fin de aumentar la conciencia y fomentar mejores prácticas clínicas ante el sufrimiento refractario de pacientes en etapa final de vida en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Revisión bibliográfica: La sedación paliativa es una terapia de último recurso, pero de gran importancia. En ella, el uso controlado de medicamentos induce un estado de conciencia disminuido o ausente para el control de síntomas como delirium, dolor, disnea, sufrimiento psicológico y existencial, entre otros. Esta revisión abordó información sobre escalas de sedación y evaluación de síntomas, monitoreo, medicamentos y sus efectos adversos, así como comentarios sobre nutrición e hidratación, principios bioéticos y su aplicación en la práctica cotidiana. Por último, abarcó la profundidad de la relación entre pacientes, familiares y equipos de salud frente a la sedación paliativa. Consideraciones finales: La sedación paliativa es una terapia basada en evidencia, eficaz y de alta complejidad que involucra cuestiones éticas, somáticas, psicológicas, sociales, espirituales y culturales. De este modo, son esenciales la capacitación profesional y la educación de la sociedad sobre cuidados paliativos para que la planificación en equipo interdisciplinario, con la participación activa del paciente, cuidador y familia, promueva un cuidado digno y humanizado.
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