Palabras clave
Parto
Episiotomía
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la assistência fisioterapêutica en la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico traslaceración y episiotomía. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada entre marzo y mayo de 2024, utilizando las bases de datos electrónicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Pubmed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (Pedro), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs) y Cochrane Library. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estúdios observacionales, publicados en revistas científicas, revisados por pares en inglés y portugués, que incluyeran mujeres que presentaron laceración o se sometieron a episiotomía. Resultados: Una vez finalizada la selección de artículos, se seleccionaron inicialmente 2420 artículos, de los cuales se excluyeron 1758 porno haber sido publicados en los últimos 5 años. Se eliminaron 43 duplicados y se excluyeron 611 por no cumplir con los criterios metodológicos. Existe significancia estadística a favor de las intervenciones fisioterapéuticasenel manejo de las disfunciones del suelo pélvico asociadas al trauma perineal posparto y a la episiotomía, dirigidas principalmente al alívio del dolor pélvico, la recuperación de la función sexual y lamejora de la debilidad muscular. Conclusión: La assistência fisioterapéutica se ha mostrado eficaz en la literatura estudiada en la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico traslaceración perineal y post-episiotomía.
Referencias
AGUIAR BM, et al. Factors associated with the performance of episiotomy. RevistaBrasileira de Enfermagem. 2020; 73(4).
ALHAFEZ L e BERGHELLA V. Evidence-based labor management: first stage of labor (part 3). American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM. 2020; 2(4): 100185.
ÁLVAREZ-GONZÁLEZ M, et al. Prevalence of Perineal Tear Peripartum after Two Antepartum Perineal Massage Techniques: A Non-Randomised Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021; 10(21): 4934.
ALVES PGJM, et al. Comparison between two different neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocols for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2011; 15(5): 393–8.
BELEZA ACS. A dor perineal no pós-parto normal com episiotomia: mensuração, caracterização e efeitos da crioterapia (Doutorado em Enfermagem em Saúde Pública) – Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008.
BERGMAN I, et al. Perineorrhaphy Compared With Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy in Women With Late Consequences of a Poorly Healed Second-Degree Perineal Tear. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020; 135(2): 341–51.
BONIATTI C, et al. Comparison of photobiomodulation with cryotherapy in the immediate postpartum period of parturients with grade I, grade II lacerations and/or episiotomy in reducing perineal and vulvar and edema: A randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2024.
BORTOLETTO J, et al. Fatores associados à incontinência urinária em mulheres pós-parto Factorsassociatedwithurinaryincontinence in postpartumwomen. 2021 49(5): 300-308.
CAO X, et al. PFMT relevant strategies to prevent perineal trauma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2022.
CHOULHARI RG, et al. A review of episiotomy and modalities for relief of episiotomy pain. Cureus. 2022; 14(11).
DESTA M. Mortality Rate and Predictors Among Women With Obstructed Labor in a Tertiary Academic Medical Center of Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 2023; 9: 237796082311656.
FILIPPINI M, et al. The Utility of CO2 Laser Treatment of Pelvic Symptoms in Women with Previous Perineal Trauma during Delivery. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2023; 14(1): 60.
GHULMIYYAH L, et al. Episiotomy: history, present and future – a review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2020; 1–6.
HERSH AR, et al. Third stage of labor: evidence-based practice for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023; 3(1).
HUANG CC, et al. Comparison of Labor and Delivery Complications and Delivery Methods Between Physicians and White-Collar Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14): 5212.
HUTCHISON J, et al. Stagesof Labor. 2023. Disponível em: .
KÄMPF C e DIAS RB. A episiotomia na visão da obstetrícia humanizada: reflexões a partir dos estudos sociais da ciência e tecnologia. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos. 2018; 25(4): 1155–60.
KHAN N, et al. Episiotomy and its complications-a cross sectional study in secondary care hospital. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association [Internet]. 2020; 1.
LAVAND’HOMME P. Postpartum chronic pain. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2019; 85(3).
LEAL MC, et al. Avanços na assistência ao parto no Brasil: resultados preliminares de dois estudos avaliativos. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2019; 35(7).
LUCENA DA SILVA, M, et al. The effectiveness of interventions in the prevention of perineal trauma in parturients: A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2023; 283; 100–111.
MACEDO MD, et al. Detailed classification of second‐degree perineal tears in the delivery ward: an inter‐rater agreement study. ActaObstetricia et GynecologicaScandinavica, 2022.
MANZOTTI A, et al. What is known about changes in pelvic floor muscle strength and tone in women during the childbirth pathway? A scoping review. European Journal of Midwifery, 2024; 8(8): 1–23.
MELO I, et al. Selective episiotomy vs. implementation of a non episiotomy protocol: a randomized clinical trial. Reproductive Health. 2014; 11(1).
MOTA P, et al. Pelvic floor muscle function after grade II tears—Surface electromyography test–retest and differences between nulliparous and primiparous. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2023; 42(5): 1162–1168.
OUZZANI M, et al. Rayyan—a Web and Mobile App for Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 2016; 5(1).
RODRIGUES S, et al. Effect of Perineal Massage and Warm Compresses Technique in Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. A Secondary Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial. Reproductive Sciences, 2024.
RODRIGUES S, et al. Perineal massage and warm compresses – Randomised controlled trial for reduce perineal trauma during labor. Midwifery [Internet]. 2023; 124: 103763.
ROMA NZH, et al. Effect of Dry Heat Application on Perineal Pain and Episiotomy Wound Healing among Primipara Women. 2023; 9572354.
SANTOS PFD, et al. Eletroestimulação funcional do assoalho pélvico versus terapia com os cones vaginais para o tratamento de incontinência urinária de esforço. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009; 31(9): 447–52.
SILVA EV, et al. Relação do tipo de parto com o perfil epidemiológico da assistência pré-natal e perinatal em um município de Minas Gerais. RevistaBrasileira de SaúdeMaternoInfantil [Internet]. 2020; 20: 241–7.
STEER, P e FLINT, C. Physiology and management of normal labour. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 1999; 318(7186): 793–796.
UGWU EO, et al. Effectiveness of antenatal perineal massage in reducing perineal trauma and post-partum morbidities: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2018; 44(7): 1252–8.
UZDENOVA Z, et al. Physical therapeutic factors in stage medical rehabilitation of puerperas with perineal wounds after fetal vacuum extraction. Georgian Medical News 2021; 319: 31–6.
VESTING, S, et al. The Impact of Exercising on Pelvic Symptom Severity, Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength, and Diastasis Recti Abdominis after Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study. Physical therapy, 2023; 104(4).
ZHANG, D, et al. Influence of pelvic floor muscle training alone or as part of a general physical activity program during pregnancy on urinary incontinence, episiotomy and third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Actaobstetricia et gynecologicaScandinavica, 2023.