Palabras clave
Obesidad infantil
Lucha
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Resumen
Objetivo: Buscar en la literatura métodos y estrategias eficaces para combatir la obesidad infantil en el contexto de la atención primaria. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura con un enfoque sistemático, realizada mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed y BVS. Se aplicaron los descriptores (Primary Health Care) AND (Pediatric obesity). Se incluyeron estudios controlados aleatorios (ECA), ensayos clínicos aleatorizados por conglomerados y ensayos híbridos, entre 2019 y 2024, en inglés y disponibles en texto completo. Se excluyeron estudios que no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.988 estudios, de los cuales, se seleccionaron 21 artículos para componer esta revisión. Se identificó que el uso de la tecnología es una estrategia para combatir la obesidad infantil, mediante aplicaciones educativas con orientaciones sobre dieta y ejercicio físico. Además, los programas educativos centrados en la familia resultaron en una mayor eficacia, con mejoras duraderas en la salud de los niños y en la dinámica familiar. Otro aspecto analizado fue la influencia del agente comunitario, cuyo desarrollo de proyectos de educación en salud promovió un mayor compromiso de la población. Consideraciones finales: La atención primaria de salud es un pilar fundamental en la lucha contra la obesidad infantil.
Referencias
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