Resumen
Objetivo: Describir el trastorno bipolar asociado al tratamiento con litio. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura basada en revistas científicas relevantes, como PubMed y Scielo. La revisión tuvo un marco temporal de 5 años, de 2019 a 2024. El resultado del estudio se integró aplicando la estrategia PICO (acrónimo de P: población/pacientes; I: intervención; C: comparación/control; O: resultado/resultado) para guiar la recolección de datos. La estrategia PICO es una mnemónica que ayuda a identificar temas clave donde: P: Pacientes con trastorno bipolar; I: Tratamiento con litio; C: Pacientes con trastorno bipolar que no utilizan medicación; O: Incidencia de episodios maníacos. Reflexiones finales: El litio sigue siendo una terapia eficaz para el trastorno bipolar, ya que previene los episodios maníacos y reduce el riesgo de suicidio, con beneficios neuroprotectores a largo plazo. Sin embargo, su uso requiere un seguimiento estricto debido a los efectos secundarios y al riesgo de toxicidad. Además, nuevas investigaciones podrían proporcionar datos adicionales sobre la eficacia del litio en diferentes poblaciones y grupos de edad, optimizando su uso en el manejo del trastorno bipolar.
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