Palabras clave
Embarazo
Atención prenatal
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Resumen
Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de la meningitis criptocócica (MC) en mujeres embarazadas, con especial atención al manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico y a las complicaciones. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora con una búsqueda altamente sensible en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (BVS), Web Of Science, Cochrane Library y Embase (Elsevier). Para ello se utilizaron los descriptores Meningitis, Cryptococcal y Pregnancy. Resultados: La inclusión de 13 estudios dio lugar a 24 informes de mujeres embarazadas afectadas por MMC, con una edad media de 26,7 años. La mitad de ellas se infectaron en el segundo trimestre (n=12). La mayoría de las embarazadas tenían serología positiva para el VIH en el momento del ingreso hospitalario (n=13, 54%). Los principales hallazgos clínicos fueron cefalea, náuseas, vómitos y síntomas de hipertensión intracraneal. C. neoformans fue responsable del 100% de las infecciones. La tasa de mortalidad materna fue del 18,2%, mientras que la tasa de mortalidad fetal/neonatal fue superior (42,1%). Consideraciones finales: La MC es una enfermedad grave en la mujer embarazada, causante de una elevada morbimortalidad. La anfotericina B es el fármaco de elección, con un periodo de inducción de cuatro semanas. El periodo de consolidación, mantenimiento y profilaxis depende de la respuesta clínica y de las condiciones subyacentes.
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