Palabras clave
Neoplasias
Salud materno-infantil
Técnicas de reproducción asistida
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los posibles impactos de la terapia de reproducción asistida (RA) en la salud materna e infantil, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Revisión bibliográfica: Los embarazos por RA pueden presentar una mayor tendencia a complicaciones, como preeclampsia, parto prematuro y tromboembolismo venoso. En los neonatos, se observa una mayor presencia de alteraciones cromosómicas y consecuencias de la prematuridad. En los niños, se observa una tendencia hacia la hipertensión, obesidad y resistencia a la insulina, además de mayor riesgo de reacciones alérgicas, problemas respiratorios, trastorno del espectro autista y retrasos en el desarrollo psicomotor. En casos específicos, se observa un aumento de leucemia linfoblástica aguda y carcinoma hepático. Las mujeres sometidas a RA, especialmente aquellas con antecedentes de infertilidad, muestran una mayor prevalencia de cáncer de mama, de endometrio y de ovario, aunque la relación directa con la técnica sigue siendo controvertida debido a factores subyacentes a la subfertilidad. Consideraciones finales: A pesar de los beneficios, los riesgos asociados con la RA son importantes. Las indicaciones deben ir acompañadas de enfoques individualizados y orientaciones claras a los pacientes, para que estén al tanto de los posibles riesgos y desafíos para la salud materno-infantil. Además, es necesario fomentar investigaciones futuras y realizar estudios de seguimiento a largo plazo, considerando los sesgos de confusión, para garantizar una orientación segura por parte de los profesionales de salud.
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