Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar perfiles metabólicos asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento y la gravedad de la rinitis alérgica en niños y adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo realizado en un hospital universitario en Brasil con 25 voluntarios. Se obtuvieron espectros de RMN ¹H de muestras de suero, procesados mediante análisis multivariado. Inicialmente, el Análisis de Agrupamiento Jerárquico (HCA) generó dos grupos, con 11 y 14 muestras. Se utilizó el Análisis Discriminante de Mínimos Cuadrados Ortogonales (OPLS-DA) para identificar las variables responsables de la discriminación. Resultados: El autorreporte de adherencia al tratamiento mostró inconsistencias en relación con los resultados del HCA. La principal diferencia entre los grupos fue la respuesta al tratamiento: en el Grupo II, el 81,8% de los voluntarios no respondieron al tratamiento, mientras que en el Grupo I, este número fue del 42,8%. Los metabolitos identificados incluyeron alanina, serina, arginina, colina, N-acetil-D-glucosamina, glutamato, lactato, glucosa y VLDL/LDL. El perfil metabólico del Grupo II sugiere una condición clínica más grave en comparación con el Grupo I. Conclusión: La RMN demostró ser eficaz para identificar la respuesta al tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica, diferenciando a los pacientes con formas más graves de la enfermedad.
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