Palabras clave
Transmisión vertical
SARS-CoV-2
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre la vía de parto y la ocurrencia de transmisión vertical en mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en marzo de 2024 en PubMed, LILACS, a través de las bases de datos de la BVS y Web of Science. La estrategia PICo sistematizó la construcción de preguntas orientadoras: ¿cómo se produce la transmisión vertical en mujeres embarazadas infectadas con SARS-CoV-2? ¿Cuál es el método de parto más utilizado por las mujeres embarazadas infectadas con COVID-19? La búsqueda se realizó mediante la combinación de descriptores controlados y no controlados cruzados mediante los operadores booleanos OR y AND. La selección del estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando el software Rayyan. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, exclusión y lectura completa, resultaron veintinueve artículos que conformaron la muestra de este estudio. Resultados: Se identificó que hubo una posible transmisión vertical y la vía de parto más utilizada fue la vaginal. Consideraciones finales: La transmisión vertical del SARS-CoV-2 es una preocupación importante, aunque no está universalmente confirmada. En cuanto a la vía de parto, existe preferencia por la vía vaginal, reservándose la cesárea para situaciones obstétricas estándar o cuando había estadios severos de la enfermedad.
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