Resumen
Objetivo: Conocer los resultados del uso de virus oncolíticos para la terapia del cáncer de cerebro, observando sus diferentes mecanismos de acción y ventajas o desventajas específicas. Métodos: Este resumen integrativo seleccionó 30 artículos de las siguientes bases de datos: MedLine, Pubmed e IBECS. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos, preclínicos y experimentos in vitro publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Resultados: Una variedad de virus oncolíticos demostraron ser eficaces en la lucha contra el cáncer cerebral, demostrando la capacidad de inducir la desintegración de las células cancerosas. Los estudios destacaron diferentes dinámicas como la lisis celular, el ajuste inmunológico, la obstrucción de PD-1 y la posible sinergia con otras modalidades terapéuticas. Para la implementación clínica es necesario superar desafíos como la distribución efectiva del virus, la respuesta inmune del sujeto y la toxicidad. Desde entonces, la precisión de los OV para identificar células tumorales y su capacidad para alterar el tumor son ventajas notables, lo que indica potencial si se combinan con terapias tradicionales. Consideraciones finales: La OVT aparece como una nueva posibilidad terapéutica, requiriendo más estudios para verificar su eficiencia y seguridad en grupos más grandes de pacientes.
Referencias
BOMMAREDDY PK, et al. Oncolytic herpes Simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2024; 12(4).
CALDERÓN-PELÁEZ MA, et al. Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas—Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses, 2024; 16(4): 561.
CHEN Y, et al. HSV-1-induced N6-methyladenosine reprogramming via ICP0-mediated suppression of METTL14 potentiates oncolytic activity in glioma. Cell Reports, 2024; 42(10).
DE LA NAVA D, et al. The oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD in combination with ONC201 induces a potent antitumor response in pediatric high-grade and diffuse midline glioma models. Neuro-oncology, 2024; 26(8): 1509-1525.
FARES J, et al. Neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus in newly diagnosed malignant glioma: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial. The Lancet Oncology, 2021; 22(8): 1103-1114.
FERREIRA RS, et al. Differential Replication and Oncolytic Effects of Zika Virus in Aggressive CNS Tumor Cells: Insights from Organoid and Tumoroid Models. Viruses, 2024; 16(11): 1764.
GÁLLEGO PÉREZ-LARRAYA J, et al. Vírus oncolítico DNX-2401 para glioma pontino intrínseco difuso pediátrico. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022; 386(26): 2471-2481.
GARCÍA-ROMERO N, et al. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) oncolytic activity in human glioma tumors is dependent on CDKN2A-type I IFN gene cluster codeletion. Cells, 2020; 9(6): 1405.
GHAJAR-RAHIMI G, et al. Clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2022; 239: 108193.
HADDAD AF, et al. Immunologic aspects of viral therapy for glioblastoma and implications for interactions with immunotherapies. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021; 152: 1-13.
HONG B, et al. PKR induces TGF-β and limits oncolytic immune therapy. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2023; 11(2).
LAL S, RAFFEL C. Protocols to Manufacture an Oncolytic Measles Virus–Sensitive Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma: Methods and Protocols, 2022; 2423: 165-177.
LIU Y, et al. Olaparib Enhances the Efficacy of Third‐Generation Oncolytic Adenoviruses Against Glioblastoma by Modulating DNA Damage Response and p66shc‐Induced Apoptosis. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2024; 30(11).
MELÉNDEZ-VÁZQUEZ NM, et al. Oncolytic Virotherapies and Adjuvant Gut Microbiome Therapeutics to Enhance Efficacy Against Malignant Gliomas. Viruses, 2024; 16(11): 1775.
MONIE DD, et al. Modular network mechanism of CCN1-associated resistance to HSV-1-derived oncolytic immunovirotherapies for glioblastomas. Scientific reports, 2021; 11(1): 11198.
NASSIRI F, et al. Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1/2 trial. Nature medicine, 2023; 29(6): 1370-1378.
NIEBLAS‐BEDOLLA E, et al. Emerging immunotherapies in the treatment of brain metastases. The Oncologist, 2021; 26(3): 231-241.
NING W, et al. Non-secreting IL12 expressing oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I trial. Nature Communications, 2024; 15(1): 9299.
NOH MH, et al. Targeting IGF2 to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for enhanced viro-immunotherapy. Neuro-oncology, 2024; 26(9): 1602-1616.
PANAGIOTI E, et al. Immunostimulatory bacterial antigen–armed oncolytic measles virotherapy significantly increases the potency of anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021; 131(13).
RIVADENEIRA DB, et al. Oncolytic viruses engineered to enforce leptin expression reprogram tumor-infiltrating T cell metabolism and promote tumor clearance. Immunity, 2019; 51(3): 548-560.
RONG L, et al. Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: Current state and future directions. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2022; 41(1): 1-18.
SAHA D, RABKIN SD. Immunohistochemistry for tumor-infiltrating immune cells after oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Viruses, 2020; 2058: 179-190.
SURYAWANSHI YR, SCHULZE AJ. Oncolytic viruses for malignant glioma: On the verge of success?. Viruses, 2021; 13(7): 1294.
TODO T, et al. A phase I/II study of triple-mutated oncolytic herpes virus G47∆ in patients with progressive glioblastoma. Nature communications, 2022; 13(1): 4119.
TODO T, et al. Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47∆ for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial. Nature medicine, 2022; 28(8): 1630-1639.
VAN PUTTEN EHP, et al. Convection enhanced delivery of the oncolytic adenovirus delta24-RGD in patients with recurrent GBM: a phase I clinical trial including correlative studies. Clinical Cancer Research, 2022; 28(8): 1572-1585
ZENG J, et al. Oncolytic viro-immunotherapy: an emerging option in the treatment of gliomas. Frontiers in immunology, 2021; 12: 721830.
ZHANG J, et al. Oncolytic HSV-1 suppresses cell invasion through downregulating Sp1 in experimental glioblastoma. Cellular Signalling, 2023; 103: 110581.
ZHU G, et al. Enhancement of CD70-specific CAR T treatment by IFN-γ released from oHSV-1-infected glioblastoma. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022; 71(10): 2433-2448.
