Palabras clave
HTLV-1
Cáncer
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Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y el Virus Linfotrópico T Humano Tipo 1 (HTLV-1) con el desarrollo de enfermedades oncológicas. Métodos: Revisión integradora basada en la estrategia PICO, con búsqueda en MEDLINE y PUBMED. Se utilizaron los descriptores “VIH”, “HTLV-1” y “cáncer”. Se incluyeron artículos completos publicados en los últimos 10 años con metodología acorde al objetivo. Se identificaron 119 estudios y se seleccionaron 20. Resultados: El HTLV-1 y el VIH influyen en la carcinogénesis mediante inmunosupresión, inflamación crónica y activación de proteínas y genes específicos. El VIH se asocia con un mayor riesgo de linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH), cáncer de cuello uterino, colorrectal y sarcoma de Kaposi. El HTLV-1 es la principal causa de leucemia/linfoma de células T en adultos (ATL) y otros linfomas. Factores de riesgo como edad, antecedentes familiares y coinfecciones, incluido Epstein-Barr y el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), favorecen la progresión tumoral. Consideraciones finales: La infección por VIH y HTLV-1 está relacionada con el aumento de neoplasias. Se requieren nuevas investigaciones para mejorar estrategias terapéuticas y profilácticas en el sistema de salud.
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