Palabras clave
Gen de complementación cruzada de reparación por rayos X 1 (XRCC1)
ADN
Ciclo celular
Virus del papiloma humano (VPH)
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el desarrollo del cáncer de cuello uterino, enfatizando los datos epidemiológicos, la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en la carcinogénesis y el papel del gen XRCC1 en la reparación del ADN, con el fin de proporcionar información valiosa para la comunidad médica y científica. Revisión Bibliográfica: El cáncer cervical es la cuarta neoplasia maligna más común en el mundo. A pesar de los factores de riesgo ambientales, conductuales y genéticos conocidos, su manejo sigue siendo inadecuado. La infección persistente por VPH oncogénico es un factor de riesgo bien establecido; sin embargo, no todos los individuos infectados desarrollan cáncer cervical, lo que sugiere la participación de mecanismos adicionales. Entre estos, los polimorfismos en el gen XRCC1 han ganado atención. XRCC1 codifica una proteína estructural esencial para la coordinación de la reparación del ADN y la regulación del ciclo celular. Tres polimorfismos principales de XRCC1—Arg194Trp, Arg280His y Arg399Gln—se asocian con una reparación del ADN deficiente, inestabilidad genómica y mayor susceptibilidad al cáncer cervical. Consideraciones Finales: Una comprensión más profunda de los mecanismos genéticos y celulares subyacentes al cáncer cervical puede facilitar el desarrollo de intervenciones médicas dirigidas a las mujeres, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir la mortalidad.
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