Palabras clave
Enfermedad de Crohn
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Intervención quirúrgica
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Resumen
Objetivo: La Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una inflamación crónica del tracto gastrointestinal que puede requerir cirugía en casos graves. Este estudio busca comprender los desafíos en el tratamiento de emergencias abdominales en estos pacientes, analizando los efectos de la cirugía en los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora usando la base de datos PubMed Central, con 21 artículos seleccionados. Resultados: El diagnóstico tardío de la EC aumenta el riesgo de hospitalizaciones y cirugía, dificultando el manejo. Alteraciones como la mioesteatosis están asociadas con peor recuperación postoperatoria, mientras que el papel de la sarcopenia es incierto. Los métodos clínicos y de imagen son cruciales en el tratamiento, especialmente en casos de estenosis y fístulas. Aunque las anastomosis primarias aumentan las complicaciones, las estrategias por etapas reducen las recurrencias. La excisión mesentérica ampliada no incrementa la morbilidad. Las cirugías de emergencia, comunes en la enfermedad penetrante, aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones, requiriendo atención individualizada. Consideraciones finales: El manejo quirúrgico de emergencias abdominales en la EC es desafiante y requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario. El diagnóstico temprano, la evaluación nutricional y el uso de modelos predictivos son esenciales para optimizar los resultados.
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