Palabras clave
Educación médica
Enseñanza mediante simulación de alta fidelidad
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Resumen
Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de la simulación de alta y baja fidelidad en el entrenamiento de urgencias cardiovasculares. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con 54 estudiantes de medicina que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a 9 grupos de 6 estudiantes cada uno. Estos grupos se asignaron al grupo de “alta” o “baja” fidelidad mediante una secuencia de aleatorización con bloques permutados. El aprendizaje práctico se evaluó utilizando el mismo caso clínico, y el rendimiento del equipo se evaluó utilizando una lista de comprobación de aprendizaje validada previamente que constaba de 38 ítems, evaluados en una escala Likert de 4 puntos. Se utilizó la prueba de muestras independientes de Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney para comparar las diferencias medias en la adquisición del rendimiento práctico. Se utilizó un valor p < 0,05 para determinar la significación de este estudio. Resultados: Los participantes de ambos grupos obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente altas, independientemente de la fidelidad del equipo (grupo de baja fidelidad: 3,83 ± 0,18; grupo de alta fidelidad: 3,63 ± 0,10; p = 0,14). Conclusión: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados. Este estudio refuerza que el uso de un proyecto estructurado con una base técnica estudiantil y la formación del profesorado en el método tienen el mismo impacto en la implicación, retención y aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
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