Palabras clave
Infecciones por Norovirus
Polución del agua
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Resumen
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia del norovirus en ambientes acuáticos. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, con búsqueda realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library y ScienceDirect, abarcando publicaciones entre 2015 y 2025. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español que abordaran la relación entre norovirus y la contaminación hídrica, excluyéndose aquellos enfocados exclusivamente en aspectos clínicos, métodos de detección o fuera del período establecido. Resultados: Los estudios indican que los genogrupos GI y GII del norovirus, especialmente el subtipo GII.4, son los más frecuentemente detectados en alimentos de origen marino (ostras, camarones y peces) y en diferentes tipos de agua (potable, ríos, aguas residuales y subterráneas). La principal fuente de contaminación está relacionada con el vertido de aguas residuales domésticas sin tratamiento adecuado al medio ambiente. La presencia del virus es mayor en estaciones frías y en regiones con infraestructura sanitaria deficiente. Consideraciones finales: El norovirus es un riesgo para la salud pública, con una amplia presencia en aguas y mariscos contaminados debido a su resistencia ambiental y a la falta de monitoreo viral.
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