Palabras clave
Enfermedades gástricas
Polimorfismo genético
IL-1B
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre los polimorfismos de la interleucina-1B (IL1B) y la susceptibilidad a la infección por Helicobacter pylori, considerando su influencia en la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped, mediante una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Métodos: Se incluyeron estudios observacionales publicados entre 2003 y 2025, en portugués e inglés, que abordaran la asociación entre IL1B y H. pylori. Tras la selección y aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, los artículos fueron analizados cualitativamente. Resultados: Se identificaron 571 artículos, de los cuales 263 fueron excluidos por duplicación. Tras el análisis de 307 títulos y resúmenes, se leyeron 109 artículos en texto completo y se incluyeron 22 en la revisión. De estos, 12 abordaron el polimorfismo IL1B-31, 16 el IL1B-511 y 8 el IL1B+3954. La técnica más utilizada para la genotipificación de los SNP fue la PCR-RFLP. Los principales hallazgos indicaron una asociación entre el alelo IL1B-31 C y el genotipo CC, así como el alelo IL1B-511 T con una mayor susceptibilidad a la infección. Consideraciones finales: Identificar polimorfismos en la IL1B puede contribuir al seguimiento de individuos con mayor riesgo de infección por H. pylori. Los hallazgos refuerzan el papel de la genética en la respuesta inflamatoria y el pronóstico clínico.
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