Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre la diabetes mellitus (DM) y la gravedad clínica del COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo con pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Se recopilaron datos de historias clínicas electrónicas, incluyendo estilo de vida, comorbilidades, síntomas y exámenes de laboratorio. Se analizaron los desenlaces: fallecimiento, tiempo de hospitalización, necesidad de ventilación mecánica, compromiso pulmonar y otras complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 125 pacientes, 42 con DM. La edad media de los pacientes con DM fue mayor (67,21 ± 11,05 años) que en los sin DM (52,13 ± 14,54 años) (p < 0,0001). La comorbilidad más frecuente fue hipertensión arterial (55,7%). La presión arterial sistólica fue más alta en el grupo con DM (p < 0,0001). Además, presentaron niveles más elevados de troponina I (0,0123; 0,0087–0,0359 ng/mL) y mayor compromiso pulmonar (47,6%). Hubo 12 fallecimientos, 5 (11,9%) entre los pacientes con DM. Conclusión: Los pacientes con DM hospitalizados por COVID-19 presentan mayor compromiso pulmonar y alteraciones cardíacas, lo que indica un mayor riesgo de complicaciones y peores desenlaces clínicos.
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