Resumen
Objetivo: Describir el uso de cementos biocerámicos en la obturación endodóncica. Revisión bibliográfica: La introducción de las biocerámicas en Endodoncia representó un avance importante en la ejecución de procedimientos complejos. El alto desempeño clínico de estos materiales se debe no sólo a su biocompatibilidad, sino también a su bioactividad debido a la liberación de iones calcio y formación de precipitados de apatita al entrar en contacto con fluidos fisiológicos que contienen fosfato. Este material puede servir como sustituto del tejido biológico en la región del tejido perirradicular o ser reabsorbido por el tejido y estimular la regeneración y reparación tisular. Las propiedades favorables del cemento sellador biocerámico, como hidrofilicidad, ligera expansión y biocompatibilidad, permiten su uso en obturación con la técnica de cono único, creando potencialmente un mejor sellado de los conductos radiculares. Conclusión: Los resultados presentados hasta el momento por estudios de laboratorio demuestran un desempeño satisfactorio en cuanto a la mayoría de las propiedades físico-químicas y, en particular, biológicas del material, señalando ventajas, limitaciones y perspectivas futuras. Sin embargo, las investigaciones disponibles hasta el momento son controvertidas a la hora de aclarar temas esenciales, como el efecto del calentamiento y la solubilidad a largo plazo del material.
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