Palabras clave
Tiosemicarbazonas
Quimioterapia
Protozoos
Leishmania infantum
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Resumen
Objetivo: Recopilar la información principal disponible en la literatura sobre los avances, limitaciones y perspectivas del uso de tiosemicarbazonas como agente leishmanicida para Leishmania infantum, causante de la leishmaniasis visceral, abordando sus propiedades químicas, mecanismos de acción y resultados de estudios in vitro. Revisión de la literatura: La leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es una enfermedad tropical desatendida con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. El tratamiento convencional incluye fármacos como antimoniales pentavalentes, anfotericina B, miltefosina, pentamidina y paromomicina. A pesar de su eficacia, estas terapias presentan limitaciones significativas, como toxicidad sistémica, alto costo, dificultades de administración y la aparición de cepas resistentes. Por lo tanto, las tiosemicarbazonas (TSC) se han investigado como alternativas prometedoras. Estos compuestos orgánicos versátiles son capaces de modificación estructural, potenciando la actividad antiparasitaria y reduciendo los efectos adversos. Los estudios reportan diversos mecanismos de acción, incluyendo la despolarización mitocondrial, la interacción con el ADN del parásito, la inducción de apoptosis y la inhibición de proteínas esenciales. Los ensayos in vitro demuestran que los derivados de las CET presentan una significativa actividad leishmanicida, incluso contra cepas resistentes a la terapia convencional. Consideraciones finales: Según la literatura, las tiosemicarbazonas representan una alternativa prometedora para el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos contra la LV, destacando como un foco relevante para futuras investigaciones.
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