Palabras clave
Terapia de reemplazo de hormonas
Menopausia
Revisión
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los riesgos y beneficios de la terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) durante la menopausia. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, cuya pregunta guía fue: “¿Cuáles son los riesgos y beneficios de utilizar TRH en pacientes menopáusicas?”. Para responder a esta pregunta, se realizaron búsquedas en las plataformas Pubmed, Lilacs y Scielo, con los descriptores correspondientes a “Terapia de Reemplazo Hormonal” y “Menopausia”. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos 5 años disponibles en su totalidad sin restricciones de idioma y relevantes para el tema. Resultados: Se seleccionaron veintidós estudios para el análisis de los riesgos y beneficios de la TRH. Conclusión: La TRH mostró beneficios para la salud cardiovascular, reducción de LDL, densidad mineral ósea y marcadores inflamatorios, mejoras en los síntomas vasomotores y genitourinarios, cognición y sueño, músculos del suelo pélvico e hipoactividad sexual en mujeres menopáusicas. Se identificaron efectos nocivos sobre el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (CAD), demencia, tumores del SNC y alteraciones de la coagulación. Esta dualidad puede explicarse tanto por el régimen de THS instaurado como por el momento de inicio de la THS. En cuanto al cáncer de mama, no se pudieron dilucidar completamente los riesgos y beneficios, ya que la modalidad de THS utilizada parece influir en los resultados.
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