Palabras clave
Mucositis bucal
Neoplasias
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Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar si la apiterapia es eficaz en el tratamiento de la mucositis oral en pacientes con cáncer.
Métodos: Realizar búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos hasta julio de 2024: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO y Lilacs. Utilizar las estadísticas Q de Cochrane e I² de Higgins para detectar heterogeneidad, aplicar la prueba de Mantel-Haenszel para la síntesis de datos en el software RStudio y evaluar el riesgo de sesgo mediante la herramienta Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.
Resultados: Identificar 857 artículos después de la búsqueda inicial. Aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad e incluir 18 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: 11 sobre miel y 7 sobre propóleos, con bajo riesgo de sesgo en tres estudios. El metanálisis no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas para ninguno de los agentes en el tratamiento y/o prevención de la mucositis oral (P > 0,05). Informar alta heterogeneidad (I² > 65%) en los grupos tratados con miel para mucositis leve, moderada y grave. Consideraciones finales: Concluir que la miel y el propóleo no fueron eficaces en el tratamiento o prevención de la mucositis oral; sin embargo, estos resultados deben interpretarse con cautela debido a la alta heterogeneidad de algunos estudios.
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