Palabras clave
Violencia
Parto
Salud materna
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Explorar situaciones de irrespeto, abuso o negligencia vividas por puérperas durante su estadía en una maternidad del interior de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo con 27 puérperas, de 18 a 35 años, con embarazo de bajo riesgo y signos de sufrimiento psíquico. La recolección de datos incluyó información sociodemográfica posparto y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El marco teórico fue el interaccionismo simbólico y el análisis narrativo constituyó el marco metodológico. Resultados: Veinticuatro puérperas fueron sometidas a cesárea y tres tuvieron parto vaginal. Las narrativas revelaron dos hallazgos principales: (I) El entorno de la maternidad fue escenario de situaciones de irrespeto, abuso o negligencia, de carácter verbal o físico. El abuso verbal incluyó groserías, insultos y falta de atención por parte de los profesionales de salud. El abuso físico comprendió actos que causaron daños corporales. (II) Fragilidad, impaciencia y escaso tiempo dedicado al cuidado del binomio madre-bebé. Las narrativas de mujeres en salas compartidas evidenciaron estos patrones. Conclusión: Las puérperas son vulnerables a situaciones de irrespeto, abuso y negligencia en maternidades del interior de Brasil. Los hallazgos confirman la persistencia de prácticas obstétricas deshumanizadas, agresivas e inseguras, requiriendo acciones para un cuidado respetuoso y seguro.
Referencias
ADINEW YM, et al. Women's perspectives on disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in Ethiopia: A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023; 23(1): 444.
AMORIM MM, et al. Mistreatment during childbirth. The Lancet, 2020; 396(10254): P816.
ANNBORN A, FINNBOGADÓTTIR HR. Obstetric violence: A qualitative interview study. Midwifery, 2022; 105: 103212.
AVCI N, KAYDIRAK MM. A qualitative study of women's experiences with obstetric violence during childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery, 2023; 121: 103658.
AŞCI Ö, BAL MD. The prevalence of obstetric violence experienced by women during childbirth care and its associated factors in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study. Midwifery, 2023; 124: 103766.
BLUMER H. Symbolic interactionism: perspective and method. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986; 224 p.
BRASIL. Lei do Acompanhante nº 11.108, de 07 de abril de 2005. 2005. Available from: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2005/lei/l11108.htm. Accessed: July 20, 2025.
CAMPBELL KA, HART C. Presenting the good mother: Experiences of Canadian adolescent mothers living in rural communities. The Qualitative Report, 2019; 24(7): 1681-1702.
CARVALHO VD, et al. Symbolic interactionism: origins, assumptions, and contributions to Social Psychology Studies. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 2010; 30(1): 146-161.
CASMINI C, SUPARDI S. Family Resilience: Preventive solution of Javanese youth klithih behavior. The Qualitative Report, 2020; 25(4): 947-961.
CHARON JM. Symbolic interactionism: an introduction, an interpretation, an integration. Boston: Pearson, 2009; 256 p.
CONCEIÇÃO HN, et al. Disrespect and abuse during childbirth and postpartum depression: A scoping review. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 2023; 39(5): e00236922.
DHAREL D, et al. Breastfeeding practices within the first six months of age in mid-western and eastern regions of Nepal: A health facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020; 20: 59.
DINIZ CSG, CABRAL CDS. Reproductive health and rights, and public policies in Brazil: Revisiting challenges during COVID-19 pandemics. Global Public Health, 2022; 17(11): 3175-3188.
FEENSTRA MM, et al. A mixed method study of mothers' experiences. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 2018; 16: 167-174.
GANKANDA WI, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a cohort of Sri Lankan postpartum mothers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2021; 21: 626.
HAJIZADEH K, MIRGHAFOURVAND M. Relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder with disrespect and abuse during childbirth in a group of Iranian postpartum women: A prospective study. Annals of General Psychiatry, 2021; 20(8): 8.
HENNINK MM, et al. Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research, 2016; 27(4): 591-608.
JACKSON L, et al. Postpartum women's experiences of social and healthcare professional support during the COVID-19 pandemic: A recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis. Women and Birth, 2022; 35(5): 511-520.
JUNGARI S, et al. Beyond maternal mortality: A systematic review of evidence on treat poorlyment and disrespect during childbirth in health facilities in India. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2021; 22(4): 739-751.
LEAL MC, et al. Progress in childbirth care in Brazil: Preliminary results of two evaluation studies. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2019; 35(7): e00223018.
LEAVY E, et al. Disrespect during childbirth and postpartum mental health: A French cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023; 23(1): 241.
LEITE TH, et al. Disrespect and abuse towards women during childbirth and postpartum depression: findings from Birth in Brazil Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020; 273: 391-401
LEITE TH, et al. The effect of obstetric violence during childbirth on breastfeeding: Findings from a perinatal cohort “Birth in Brazil”. The Lancet Regional Health Americas, 2023; 19: 100438.
LIEBLICH A, et al. Narrative research: reading, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1998; 200 p.
MENEZES FR, et al. O olhar de residentes em Enfermagem Obstétrica para o contexto da violência obstétrica nas instituições. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 2020; 24: e180664.
OLADAPO OT, et al. WHO model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: Transforming care of women and babies for improved health and wellbeing. BJOG, 2018; 125(8): 918-922.
PAHO. Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2024. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/agenda-sustainable-development. Accessed: July 20, 2025.
PERERA C, et al. Impact of social protection on gender equality in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of reviews. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2022; 18(2): e1240.
PIJL MSGVD, et al. Left powerless: A qualitative social media content analysis of the Dutch #breakthesilence campaign on negative and traumatic experiences of labour and birth. PLoS One, 2020;15(5): e0233114.
REYNOLDS J, BERESFORD R. “An Active, Productive Life”: Narratives of, and through, participation in public and patient involvement in health research. Qualitative Health Research, 2020; 30(14): 2265-2277.
RODRIGUEZ J, et al. Migrant mothers' experiences of Caesarean section: A transcultural qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023; 14: 1152810.
SANTIAGO RV, et al. “If we're here, it's only because we have no money…” Discrimination and violence in Mexican maternity wards. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018; 18(1): 244.
SEEHAUSEN MPV, et al. Fatores associados ao aleitamento cruzado. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2017; 22(5): 1673-1682.
SILVA-FERNANDEZ CS, et al. Factors associated with obstetric violence implicated in the development of postpartum depression and post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. Nursing Reports, 2023; 13(4): 1553-1576.
SOUZA KJ, et al. Institutional violence and quality of service in obstetrics are associated with postpartum depression. Revista de Saúde Pública, 2017; 51: 69.
TOBASÍA-HEGE C, et al. Irrespeto y maltrato durante el parto y el aborto en América Latina: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2019; 43: 36.
VICENTE JB, et al. Syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis: Women’s experiences from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2023; 76(1): e20220210.
YILAK G, et al. Prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding technique and associated factors among lactating mothers attending public health facilities of South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS One, 2020; 15(2): e0228863.
WHO. The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-RHR-14.23. Accessed: July 20, 2025.