Resumen
Objetivo: Sintetizar la efectividad, seguridad y adherencia a los ACOD en personas mayores con fibrilación auricular en la práctica clínica habitual, identificando factores clínicos como la función renal, la fragilidad, la polifarmacia, el riesgo de caídas y las interacciones asociadas con mejores resultados y un uso adecuado de la dosis. Métodos: Esta revisión integrativa, desarrollada según los criterios de la estrategia PICO, se realizó mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed Central (PMC), CAPES Periodicals y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), utilizando los descriptores "Fibrilación Atrial", "Anticoagulantes" y "Aged" en combinación con el término booleano "AND". Esta búsqueda arrojó 14.620 artículos, y tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 20 para este artículo. Resultados: Los ACOD son eficaces y seguros en personas mayores con fibrilación auricular, con mayor adherencia y menor riesgo de hemorragia intracraneal en comparación con los AVK. Factores como la función renal, la fragilidad, la polifarmacia, el riesgo de caídas y las interacciones farmacológicas influyen directamente en los resultados clínicos y la selección de la dosis. El tratamiento individualizado es esencial para equilibrar la eficacia, la seguridad y la adherencia en la práctica clínica. Consideraciones finales: Los anticoagulantes orales directos (ACOD) son eficaces en pacientes de edad avanzada con fibrilación auricular, especialmente cuando se adaptan a las necesidades individuales, teniendo en cuenta la función renal, la fragilidad, la polifarmacia, el riesgo de caídas y las interacciones farmacológicas.
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