Palabras clave
Embarazo
Relación médico-paciente
Adherencia al tratamiento
Transmisión vertical
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el papel de la relación médico-paciente en la adherencia al tratamiento del VIH durante el embarazo, con énfasis en la prevención de la transmisión vertical. Revisión bibliográfica: La literatura mostró que, aunque la cobertura del control prenatal y de la terapia antirretroviral (TARV) es elevada, la adherencia sigue por debajo del nivel necesario para eliminar la transmisión vertical. Entre los factores que dificultan el cuidado destacan el estigma, el miedo a revelar el diagnóstico, la falta de apoyo social, barreras estructurales y problemas de comunicación clínica. En contraste, las prácticas centradas en la paciente, basadas en empatía, escucha activa, comunicación clara y respeto a la autonomía, resultaron fundamentales para fortalecer el vínculo terapéutico y garantizar la continuidad del tratamiento. Consideraciones finales: La adherencia al tratamiento del VIH en gestantes está influida por la calidad de la relación médico-paciente. Su fortalecimiento, junto con un abordaje interprofesional y humanizado, es esencial para reducir la transmisión vertical y mejorar los resultados maternos e infantiles.
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