Palabras clave
Educación en salud
Nutrición del niño
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de diferentes estrategias de educación en salud para promover la lactancia materna extendida mediante una revisión de alcance. Métodos: Entre septiembre y diciembre de 2024 se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO por dos investigadores de forma independiente, sin restricciones de idioma ni fecha. Se incluyeron estudios con gestantes o madres de niños de hasta dos años que evaluaron intervenciones educativas relacionadas con la lactancia y reportaron como desenlace la lactancia más allá de seis meses. Resultados: De 1.459 estudios identificados, nueve fueron incluidos. Estos analizaron diversas estrategias, como sesiones grupales, materiales impresos, visitas domiciliarias, demostraciones de preparación de alimentos y consejería durante consultas médicas. Entre los estudios con análisis estadístico, aproximadamente la mitad demostró eficacia en la promoción de la lactancia extendida. Conclusiones: La educación en salud puede favorecer tanto el inicio como la duración de la lactancia, especialmente cuando involucra no solo a las madres, sino también a la red familiar de apoyo. Se requieren más investigaciones para llenar las lagunas existentes sobre el tema.
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