Palabras clave
Diagnóstico precoz
Educación en salud
Relaciones familiares
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las acciones educativas dirigidas a padres y familiares para la detección precoz de los signos del TEA, destacando las prácticas que favorecen la identificación, la concienciación comunitaria y la derivación adecuada al diagnóstico especializado. Métodos: Revisión integradora de la literatura, con búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases Lilacs, Medline (a través de BVS), SciELO, Portal Capes y Scopus. Se incluyeron 23 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024, seleccionados rigurosamente según el protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Las intervenciones educativas aumentan significativamente la sensibilidad de los cuidadores y reducen el tiempo medio hasta el diagnóstico, especialmente cuando se asocian a instrumentos como el M-CHAT-R y a la formación continua de las familias. Las barreras estructurales, las limitaciones de acceso y las desigualdades socioculturales dificultan el diagnóstico precoz, especialmente en las poblaciones vulnerables. Consideraciones finales: Las estrategias intersectoriales que integran la capacitación parental, el uso de herramientas culturalmente validadas y el apoyo profesional continuo son esenciales para la detección temprana, eficaz y equitativa del TEA. Los protocolos nacionales deben considerar cuidadosamente los contextos socioculturales y valorar el protagonismo activo de la familia en el proceso de diagnóstico.
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