Palabras clave
Nifurtimox
Eficacia
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del nifurtimox (NFX) en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas (EC), destacando beneficios y limitaciones en diferentes fases clínicas. Métodos: La revisión se realizó en PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs y Cochrane Library, considerando estudios originales publicados entre 2014 y 2024 en portugués, inglés o español. Se siguieron los pasos propuestos por Souza, Silva y Carvalho (2010): elaboración de la pregunta orientadora, búsqueda, selección, análisis crítico y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: El NFX mostró mayor eficacia en niños y en fases tempranas de la enfermedad, con tasas de seroconversión superiores al 50% y reducción significativa de la parasitemia confirmada por PCR. En adultos con fase crónica, los beneficios fueron más modestos, aunque relevantes, incluyendo mejoras clínicas y cardiológicas en algunos casos. En cuanto a seguridad, los eventos adversos más frecuentes fueron gastrointestinales y neurológicos, en general leves o moderados. Consideraciones finales: El NFX presenta eficacia consistente, especialmente en poblaciones pediátricas y en fases aguda o crónica temprana de la EC, con un perfil de seguridad previsible y manejable. Aunque la eficacia es menor en adultos crónicos, sigue siendo una opción terapéutica importante.
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