Palabras clave
Atención primaria de salud
Prevalencia
Trastornos mentales
Factores de riesgo
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia del compromiso de la salud mental y los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal con adultos y ancianos atendidos en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), cuyo desenlace fue el registro en el historial clínico del diagnóstico médico de trastornos psiquiátricos. Estimación de la prevalencia del desenlace (Intervalo de Confianza del 95% - IC95) y de las Razones de Prevalencia (RP) brutas y ajustadas. Resultados: Prevalencia del desenlace de 19.3% (IC95 18.0−20.7; n=3.309), asociado al sexo femenino (RP 1.91; 1.61−2.26), raza/color blanco (RP 1.23; 1.06−1.42), ausencia de actividad remunerada (RP 1.30; 1.02−1.65), dislipidemia (RP 1.74; 1.44−2.10), accidente cerebrovascular (RP 1.29; 1.04−1.60), enfermedades respiratorias (RP 1.44; 1.19−1.75), neoplasias (RP 1.31; 1.05−1.63) e internación hospitalaria reciente (RP 1.60; 1.12−2.29). Además, asociación con el consumo de bebida alcohólica (RP 1.49; 1.19−1.86), tabaquismo (RP 1.31; 1.03−1.66), drogas ilícitas (RP 2.27; 1.27−4.06) y adhesión a Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias en Salud (RP 0.76; 0.60−0.98). Conclusión: La elevada prevalencia observada refuerza la necesidad de estrategias específicas de prevención, detección temprana y seguimiento continuo, con atención especial a grupos más vulnerables y a los múltiples determinantes sociales, clínicos y conductuales relacionados.
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