Resumen
Objetivo: Sintetizar y comparar evidencias científicas sobre resultados gestacionales y de seguridad asociados a diferentes protocolos de preparación endometrial – natural, natural modificado, estimulado y artificial – para transferencia de embriones criopreservados (TEC). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, siguiendo los supuestos PRISMA, en las bases PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. La estrategia de búsqueda fue guiada por la estructura PCC (Población: mujeres en tratamiento con TEC; Concepto: protocolos de preparación endometrial; Contexto: embriones criopreservados). Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2020-2025, centrándose en evidencias de nivel fuerte a moderado. Resultados: El análisis de nueve estudios mostró equivalencia en la tasa de nacido vivo entre los protocolos en mujeres ovulatorias. Sin embargo, los ciclos naturales y modificados demostraron un perfil de seguridad superior, con reducciones significativas en el riesgo de preeclampsia, hemorragia posparto y parto pretérmino. Por el contrario, el ciclo artificial mostró una mayor previsibilidad, con tasas de cancelación cercanas a cero. Para subpoblaciones, el ciclo estimulado con letrozol surgió como una alternativa eficaz y con potencial de menor tasa de aborto. Consideraciones finales: Este estudio refuerza la necesidad de personalizar la selección del protocolo, equilibrando eficacia, seguridad y aspectos logísticos. La principal limitación reside en la heterogeneidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos, lo que impide un metaanálisis formal.
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