Resumen
Objetivo: Evidenciar lo más reciente en artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR). Métodos: El presente estudio consiste en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, en la que se consultaron las bases de datos SciELO, Bireme y PubMed. PROSPERO (CRD420251230435). Resultados: La ATJ es un procedimiento bien establecido con mecanismos que van más allá de la intervención quirúrgica en sí, como el uso de procedimientos y medicamentos intraoperatorios para mejorar el resultado funcional posquirúrgico. El uso de torniquetes presentó resultados desfavorables en la mayoría de los estudios evaluados en lo que respecta a la aparición de trombosis venosa profunda, hinchazón posquirúrgica de la extremidad y dolor. Todos los trabajos analizados en este estudio aportaron beneficios del uso del ácido tranexámico en la ATJ. Se observó un efecto analgésico de los glucocorticoides inyectables periarticulares similar al obtenido en el postoperatorio, sin causar más riesgos al paciente. El abordaje minisubvasto puede acelerar la recuperación de la amplitud de movimiento de la rodilla y la elevación de la pierna extendida, reducir el dolor posoperatorio, mejorar la satisfacción posoperatoria temprana y reducir la tasa de liberación lateral. Consideraciones finales: El conocimiento cada vez más sólido de las actualizaciones sobre la ATJ es esencial para el éxito de la terapia.
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