Palabras clave
Síndrome Respiratoria Aguda Grave
Infecciones virales
Factores de riesgo
Estudios de cohorte
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo independientes de muerte, necesidad de ventilación mecánica y hospitalización prolongada en niños con síndrome respiratoria aguda grave (SRAG). Métodos: Se analizaron datos del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud de un estado de la Amazonia brasileña, entre mayo de 2020 y mayo de 2022. Se aplicaron regresiones de Poisson univariadas y multivariadas para estimar riesgos relativos ajustados (RR), con significancia de p < 0.05. La calibración y la discriminación de los modelos se evaluaron mediante las pruebas de Hosmer-Lemeshow, Stukel y curvas ROC. Resultados: Se incluyeron 226 niños, con una mortalidad del 14.2%. La muerte se asoció con ventilación mecánica invasiva (RR = 6.81), presencia de comorbilidades (RR = 2.25) e infección por virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) (RR = 2.38). El uso de ventilación mecánica se relacionó con ingreso en UCI (RR = 4.14), infección por VSR (RR = 1.68) e influenza H3N2 (RR = 1.59). Las hospitalizaciones prolongadas se asociaron con saturación de oxígeno < 95% (RR = 1.47), infección por otros virus respiratorios (RR = 1.86) y H3N2 (RR = 1.67). Conclusión: Se concluye que los virus respiratorios son importantes predictores de desenlaces adversos en casos pediátricos de SRAG.
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