Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia del uso de psicoestimulantes entre estudiantes de Medicina y su relación con el diagnóstico de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), en el contexto de un curso con alta exigencia académica. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 143 estudiantes de Medicina desde el primer hasta el octavo semestre. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico para investigar el uso de distintos estimulantes (bebidas con cafeína, bebidas energéticas y psicoestimulantes) y diagnósticos psiquiátricos autoinformados. El tamizaje de TDAH se llevó a cabo mediante la versión brasileña de la Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18). Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de asociación, empleando la prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Se verificó que el 52,6% de los estudiantes con TDAH usaban psicoestimulantes, mientras que solo el 0,8% de los estudiantes sin TDAH reportaron ese uso, lo que resultó en una asociación altamente significativa (p < 0,0001). Conclusión: El uso de psicoestimulantes se concentró predominantemente en estudiantes con TDAH, lo que sugiere una cierta alineación con las indicaciones clínicas. Sin embargo, también se evidencia la necesidad de un monitoreo sistemático, educación en salud y apoyo psicopedagógico para el manejo del estrés académico y la salud mental en esta población.
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