Palabras clave
Leche
Nutracéutico
Suplemento alimenticio
Sustancia bioactiva
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Resumen
Objetivo: Revisar las características y aplicaciones del calostro bovino (CB), explorando sus aspectos zootécnicos, composición química y nutricional, evidencias de salud relacionadas con el consumo humano, además del panorama regulatorio brasileño. Revisión bibliográfica: El CB, primera secreción láctea postparto, tiene una composición nutricional diferente a la de la leche madura, siendo rico en proteínas, péptidos (inmunoglobulinas, lactoferrina, factores de crecimiento), vitaminas (A, E, complejo B) y minerales (calcio, fósforo, potasio, sodio y magnesio). La calidad está influenciada por factores zootécnicos, mientras que su seguridad y estabilidad dependen de procesos como enfriamiento, congelación o deshidratación. El CB tiene un amplio uso internacional como medicamento o suplemento alimenticio. En Brasil, la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (Anvisa) ha regulado su uso en suplementos alimenticios, limitado a un máximo de 4 g/día para individuos de 19 años o más. Estudios clínicos en humanos indican potencial ergogénico, modulación de la respuesta inmune y antiinflamatoria, además de protección intestinal. Conclusión: El CB constituye una matriz compleja de componentes bioactivos con relevancia nutricional y potencial terapéutico. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de investigación complementaria, especialmente mediante ensayos clínicos, es fundamental para caracterizar la evidencia en salud y racionalizar su uso como suplemento alimenticio para humanos.
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