Palabras clave
Cannabidiol
Canabinoides
Embarazo y dieta con restricción de proteínas
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar los impactos de la desnutrición proteica y el uso de cannabidiol (CBD) sobre la función renal de mujeres embarazadas. Evaluar la acción del CBD, la influencia de una dieta con restricción de proteínas en el sistema renal de las gestantes y los factores de riesgo asociados. Revisión bibliográfica: Las proteínas son esenciales para el funcionamiento renal, especialmente durante el embarazo. La desnutrición proteica en gestantes está relacionada con el aumento del estrés oxidativo y de la inflamación, factores que pueden comprometer la función renal materna y afectar el desarrollo fetal. El CBD, un compuesto extraído de la planta Cannabis sativa, con propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes, ha sido señalado como un potencial agente terapéutico para reducir estos daños. El CBD actúa modulando el sistema endocannabinoide (SEC), reduciendo las citocinas proinflamatorias e inhibiendo vías inflamatorias. Su acción antioxidante ocurre mediante la neutralización de radicales libres, protegiendo así a las células del daño. Consideraciones finales: Aunque algunos estudios han demostrado propiedades fitoterapéuticas del CBD, su eficacia y seguridad durante el embarazo aún no están completamente comprendidas. Se requieren investigaciones experimentales y clínicas para esclarecer sus efectos y permitir intervenciones terapéuticas más eficaces.
Referencias
ALVES CH, et al. Maternal protein restriction reduces ACE2 expression in the placenta and fetal kidneys: implications for fetal programming of hypertension. Placenta, 2020; 91:e55–e63.
ARAÚJO M, et al. The cannabinoids mechanism of action: an overview. BrJP, 2023; 6:e109–e113.
AZOUZI S, et al. Antioxidant and membrane binding properties of serotonin protect lipids from oxidation. Biophysical Journal, 2017; 112(9):1863–1873.
BASTO JP, et al. La relación entre el sistema endocannabinoide y la adicción a la comida: una revisión exploratoria. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética, 2021; 25(2):e1–e34.
BELLIZZI V, CUPISTI A. Dietary approach to kidney disease. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2016; 11(12):2065–2075.
BEAS BC, et al. Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 2015; 12(4):699–730.
BRENNER BM, RECTOR FC. The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
BUSQUETS-GARCIA A, BAINS J, MARSICANO G. CB1 receptor signaling in the brain: extracting specificity from ubiquity. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018; 43(1):4–20.
CAIRASCO NG, et al. Cannabidiol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2015; 749:1–9.
CAO Y, et al. Oxidative stress in maternal and offspring kidney disease and programming. Antioxidants, 2020; 9(9):825.
FORGIE AJ, et al. O impacto da desnutrição materna e precoce na saúde: uma perspectiva dieta-micróbio. BMC Medicine, 2020; 18:1–15.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. Rome: FAO; 2023. Disponível em:
https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC3017EN. Acesso em: 06 maio 2025.
GARNEATA L, et al. Low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids and its effect on diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2018; 33(1):617.
GAUVEIA MA. Nutrição e suplementação no período gestacional. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas). Universidade de Lisboa; 2022. 47 p.
GRANT KS, et al. Cannabis use during pregnancy: pharmacokinetics and effects on child development. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2018; 182:133–151.
GUYTON AC, HALL JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2021.
IBEAS BIH C, et al. Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 2015; 12(4):699–730.
IEZZI D, et al. In utero exposure to cannabidiol disrupts select early-life behaviors in a sex-specific manner. Translational Psychiatry, 2022; 12(1):501.
JOHNSON RJ, et al. What happens to your body when you don't eat enough protein every day. Verywell Health, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.verywellhealth.com/protein-deficiency-symptoms-8756264. Acesso em: 06 maio 2025.
KAMEL RM, et al. Association between maternal serum albumin and preeclampsia severity: a prospective study. Pregnancy Hypertension, 2022; 30:72–78.
KIM JH, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol isolated from a novel hemp cultivar (Cannabis sativa L.). Molecules, 2023; 28(18):6439.
KOLTZKO B, et al. Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood and its implications for maternal and long-term child health: the Early Nutrition Project recommendations. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2019; 74(2):93–106.
KSIAZEK SH, et al. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: from history to practice of a secular topic. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024; 25(7):4035.
LIU Y, et al. Dietary protein intake and hypertension risk: a meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews, 2018; 76(9):601–612.
LU HC, MACKIE K. An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system. Biological Psychiatry, 2016; 79(7):516–525.
LU HC, MACKIE K. Review of the endocannabinoid system. Biological Psychiatry, 2021; 90(2):84–95.
MACCARRONE M, et al. Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2015; 36:277–296.
MAIA J, et al. The fundamental role of the endocannabinoid system in endometrium and placenta. Human Reproduction Update, 2020; 26(5):586–602.
MARINHO AM, SILVA NR. Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids. BrJP, 2023; 6:31–37.
MAVRIDIS A, et al. Pregnancy and renal disease: a review. Journal of Nephrology, 2021; 31(5):781–793.
MCPARTLAND JM, et al. Are cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? British Journal of Pharmacology, 2015; 172(3):737–753.
OGAWA N, et al. Functional and structural divergence in human TRPV1 channel subunits by oxidative cysteine modification. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2016; 291(8):4197–4210.
PARK F, et al. Cannabinoids and the kidney: effects in health and disease. American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology, 2017; 313(5):1124–1132.
PEREIRA AF. Participação do sistema endocanabinoide na neuromodulação da neuropatia sensitiva periférica induzida por oxaliplatina em camundongos. Tese (Doutorado em Farmacologia). Universidade Federal do Ceará; 2020.
PICCOLI GB, et al. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Nephrology, 2020; 33(6):1147–1157.
ROSS MH, PAWLINA W. Histology: A Text and Atlas. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
STAROWICZ K, FINN DP. Cannabinoids and pain: sites and mechanisms of action. In: Advances in Pharmacology. Elsevier; 2017. p. 437–475.
STENVINKEL P, ZOCCALI C. Kidney disease in disadvantaged populations. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2017; 32(1):21–25.
SWENSON KS, et al. Prenatal cannabidiol exposure alters pain sensitivity and cortical excitability. Molecular Psychiatry, 2023; 28:3397–3413.
TABACH R, et al. Sistema de farmacovigilância em plantas medicinais. Boletim Planfavi, 2019; 52:1–4.
TABRIZI MA, et al. Medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and clinical implications of TRPV1 receptor antagonists. Medicinal Research Reviews, 2017; 37(4):936–963.
TORTORA GJ. Princípios de anatomia e fisiologia. 14ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2019.
TRIEBEL H, CASTROP H. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflügers Archiv, 2024; 476(5):705–713.
VALLÉE A, et al. Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 2017; 49(10):853–866.
VITOLA LA, et al. Prospects in the use of Cannabis sativa extracts in nanoemulsions. Pharmaceuticals, 2024; 17(2):116.
VOLKOW ND, et al. Self-reported medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA, 2019; 322:167.
ZHOU X, et al. Inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017; 18(5):969.
ZON S, et al. Avaliação do papel do sistema canabidiol em um modelo de lesão renal por isquemia/reperfusão. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 2015; 27(4):383–389.