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Ictericia-Neonatal
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar las barreras y los facilitadores relacionados con la fototerapia domiciliaria en la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal, según la percepción de padres y profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y EMBASE, utilizando los descriptores: “neonatal hyperbilirubinemia”, “hyperbilirubinem”, “jaundice”, “phototherap”, “lighttherap”, “home care”, “home setting”, “parents”, “caregivers” y “health personnel”. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 que abordaran barreras o facilitadores de la fototerapia domiciliaria. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo compuesta por ocho estudios. La mayoría se desarrolló en países de altos ingresos, como Reino Unido, Australia, Países Bajos, Suecia e Italia. Predominaron los diseños cualitativos y descriptivos. Las barreras identificadas incluyeron dificultades en el manejo de los dispositivos, limitaciones en la monitorización clínica en el hogar, deficiencias en la capacitación multiprofesional, ausencia de mecanismos de reembolso e inseguridad parental. Entre los facilitadores se destacaron la atención centrada en la familia, la comodidad del entorno domiciliario, la satisfacción parental, la autoeficacia de los profesionales de la salud y la reducción de la carga hospitalaria. Consideraciones finales: La fototerapia domiciliaria presenta un alto potencial para ampliar la atención neonatal, siempre que se superen las barreras organizativas, profesionales y parentales mediante el fortalecimiento del apoyo familiar y de la estructura de los servicios de salud.
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